test tomorrow

• SOCIALLY: the Renaissance emphasis on the secular and the individual challenged Church authority.
• The printing press helped spread these ideas.
• POLITICALLY: Some rulers began to challenge the Church’s political power.
• ECONOMICALLY: northern merchants resented paying church taxes to Rome.
  • Corrupt leadership
  • Renaissance-era popes spent extravagantly on personal pleasure
  • Pope Alexander VI admitted that he fathered several children
  • Many priests and monks were poorly educated
  • How can you teach if you can barely read?
  • Some priests  broke their vows, got married, and had children
  • Some priests drank to excess, many gambled
    • The selling of indulgences (pardons) “releases a sinner from performing the penalty a priest imposed for sins”
    • Johann Tetzel was a monk who sold indulgences to help rebuild St. Peter’s Cathedral
    • A monk named Martin Luther objected to this practice
    Luther’s ideas are becoming popular, so the Church criticizes him & his “heretical” ideas
    Luther suggests Christians drive the pope from the Church by force!
    In 1520, Pope Leo X issues a decree threatening Luther with excommunication unless he takes back his statements
    When Luther returned to Wittenberg, many of his ideas/reforms were being put into practice
    Some of his followers had formed a separate religious group called Lutherans
    But some princes were still loyal to the pope
    Other princes who supported Luther signed a protest against the loyalists
    Eventually, the term Protestant was applied to Christians who belonged to non-Catholic churches
    Catholic is a term meaning “universal” or “whole”
    
    

not in class

today i had a doctors appointment and was not in class.

section 3

indulgence: Pardon for sins believed to buy way into heaven.
reformation: Formation of several Protestant church reformations.
lutheran: What Luther and his followers religion was called.
protestant: Christians who belong to non-Catholic churches.
peace of augsburg: A famous religious settlement who decided the religion of the state.
annul:To set aside (marriage).
anglican: Church of England with Elizabeth as head.

What political, economic, and social factors helped bring about the Reformation?: 

-Queen Elizabeth I helped restore Protestantism 
-Powerful monarchs challenged the church as the supreme power in Europe
-Many leaders viewed the pope as a foreign ruler and challenged his authority
-European princes and kings were jealous of the Church's wealth. 

From what term did Protestantism originate?: A group of people at the time of Martin Luther who were Catholic protestors of certain Catholic beliefs.

renaissance part 2

Painters used perspective - using shadow and depth to create the illusion of three dimensions  

They sometimes painted Frescoes...

• a technique of mural painting executed upon freshly-laid,  wet lime plaster
• the pigment merges with the plaster, so the painting becomes an integral part of the wall (or ceiling!)
• This is a detail from Michelangelo’s work on the ceiling of the Sistene Chapel
  • Writers wrote in the vernacular - their native language
  • Previously, most scholarly (“important”) writing was in Latin or Greek
  • Now, literature was more accessible to the masses
  • They wrote to express their own thoughts and feelings
  • A few examples:
  • Shakespeare (English playwright and poet) wrote in English
  • Dante Alighieri (The Divine Comedy) wrote about Hell in Italian
  • Niccolò Machiavelli wrote in Italian
  • the theme of Machiavelli’s The Prince was that the aims of princes—such as glory and survival—can justify the use of immoral means to achieve those ends
    The ideas and attitudes about the Renaissance moved from Italy northward
    Up north, the classical (Greek and Roman) learning and the humanistic approach was combined with religious ideas
    Learning spread rapidly, mostly due to one major invention...
    
    

renaissance

• CITIES were the center of the action
• Milan and Florence had wealthy merchants and bankers
• Artists in these cities were inspired by the former splendor of classical Greece and Rome
  • Merchants dominated political life
  • The Medici were a powerful banking family
  • They paid artists, writers, and musicians to create beautiful works of art
  • They were patrons
    A Super-Patron: Isabella d’Este
    
    
    • Educated, brilliant
    • A gifted singer, lute player, innovative dancer
    • Wealthy, powerful parents
    • She sponsored painters, sculptors, musicians, writers, architects
    • A fashionista, she even designed her own perfume
    • Patron of da Vinci, Raphael, Michelangelo, Bellini, Correggio, and many, many others
      humanism
      
      
      • A deep interest in what people have already achieved, as well as what they are capable of achieving in the future
      • It’s not a coincidence that humanism resembles the Greek idea of arete
      Classical (ancient Greek, ancient Roman) writings were important to them
      Worldly (secular) values were essential - concerned with the here and now
      Christian values still important, but separate from secular values
      
      
    
    

counting down the days

1:

Renaissance: Period of rebirth and learning in Europe
Humanism: System of thought focusing on human intrests and values.
Secular: Concerned with worldly rather then spiritual matters.
Patron: A person who supports artists.
Perspective: Technique showing space on a flat surface
Vernacular: Native language of a group; first book printed in common language was the Bible.


3:  come characteristics of renaissance men were A young man should be charming, witty, well educated, know how to dance, sing, play music, and write poetry. Some characteristics of renaissance woman were were expected to know the classics and be charming.

4: Italy had many thriving cities, a wealthy merchant class, and the classical hertitage of ancient Greece.

5: The attitude of the church leaders beautified Rome and other cities by spreading art and wealthy families were patrons of art, they had their portraits painted.

Review Day

Ive put the lyrics for the song before but today is the last class day before the test on Rome so I am going to put it again to i can review more.

Well, you got the Etruscans and the Greeks

But the Latins came first

To the shores of the River Tiber

They drained a swamp

Next thing you know

Livin’ in Rome, Rome, Rome, Rome, Rome, Rome, Rome, Rome

Now Tarquin’s kinda proud

But he got a little loud

They turned around and ran that tyrant outta town

Next thing you know

No kings no more

Happened in Rome, Rome, Rome, Rome, Rome, Rome, Rome, Rome

 

Hey, we got three governments rolled into one

Patricians and plebeians havin’ some fun

Two consuls gotta be better than one

Brand new republic ready to run

Democracy

Aristocracy

Plus monarchy

Not a tyranny

Ho-o-o-old up, wait a minute, do I see what I think I… hey!

That’s a Roman legion clear as day

5000 soldiers (not in it for pay)

Group of eighty’s a century

On horseback is the cavalry

Shield, sword, dagger, and armor and tunic

Fightin ’gainst Carthage in wars that are Punic

Hannibal riding on elephant back

Crossing the Alps just to launch his attack

So now you get the picture

All the rich are getting richer

And they’re livin’ on the latifundia

Farmers can’t cope

They’re low on hope

They moved to Rome, Rome, Rome, Rome, Rome, Rome, Rome, Rome

I can hear the brothers Gracchus

Sayin, “Rich, please don’t attack us!”

“We got a feeling that the senators will whack us”

They hit the floor

Next thing you know

It’s civil war, war, war, war, war, war, war, war

Hey, let me take you back to 60 BC

It’s the start of the rise of Julius C

He grabbed two dudes and he formed a team

It’s a triumvirate -- that’s a group of three

“Crassus (come on), Pompey (come on), I’m JC! (come on)

We three will rule!

What you think I'm playin, baby girl?  I'm the man!

I'm conquering Gaul!”

All of his soldiers gave him their devotion

That’s why he swept over Gaul just like an ocean

Pompey couldn’t understand all the commotion

When he crossed the Rubicon, he kept up motion

It’s just like a potion

Caesar had self-locomotion

Power’s an ambitious emotion

Dictator is not a demotion

It’s a promotion

But in 44 BC

On a day called March 15 (Ides of March)

Brutus and the Senate murdered Julius C

He hit the floor

Next thing you know

Caesar’s no more, more, more, more, more, more, more, more

You know he’s so depressed

23 stab wounds in his chest

He saw his friend and he raised one last protest

“Et tu, Brute?” (Et tu, Brute?)

That’s what he say

Cuz he felt low, low, low, low, low, low, low, low

 

Only eighteen, Octavian makin’ the scene

He says, “I tell you what,

Got a new triumvirate

Here’s my boy Lepidus

And Mark Antony I trust”

(‘Til Marky met this chick

Cleopatra from Egypt)

Octavian was freakin’

Lust for power started peakin’

“Don’t try to play me or my navy,

At Actium you won’t slay me”

“O” won that game

Did explain

Now Augustus was his name

All his subjects did proclaim

He’s in the Roman Hall of Fame

Twenty-seven BC

For a couple hundred years (207)

Pax Romana is the word that brings the cheers

They’re on a roll

They built some roads

Leading to Rome, Rome, Rome, Rome, Rome, Rome, Rome, Rome

Slaves don’t have many rights and

Then there’s gladiator fightin’ (Ow!)

People find the Circus Maximus excitin’

Blood on the floor (knee-deep in gore)

And now you know

All about Rome, Rome, Rome, Rome, Rome, Rome, Rome, Rome

(C'mon!)

US: Judicial

- Supreme Court

- Nine Members

- Lifetime Terms

Bill of Rights: First ten amendments to the constitution.